Bionic Approach to the Organization of Architectural Objects in the Sustainable Development Paradigm

Abstract

Global environmental, social, and economic problems have led to the need to search for new architectural ideas according to the concept of sustainable development. The bionic approach makes it possible to identify optimal solutions developed by nature over the centuries of its existence for the organization of architectural objects. The purpose of the paper is to establish the prospects of applying the bionic approach to the organization of sustainable architectural objects. The paper presents a comparative analysis of scientific papers considering methods of biomimetic design, a case study, and a survey of experts. The characteristic directions of architectural bionics have been identified and described. Based on the analysis of the conditions for creating a comfortable living environment, solutions to sustainability problems using a bionic approach in the organization of architectural objects have been proposed. The authors pay special attention to the life cycle stages using natural forms in architectural shaping, borrowing natural structures to form the structures of architectural objects, interpreting natural materials and matter of living organisms in construction, and reproducing natural processes to solve architectural and urban problems. The authors identify the main approaches of bioanalog design based on the existing morphological characteristics of wildlife (branching, spiral formation, adaptation, polymerization) and propose solutions to the problems of creating sustainable habitats in the context of architectural space. It is concluded that the use of this approach will contribute to the formation of an ecological balance between nature and architecture.