Analisis Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Fitoplankton di Sungai Rawas, Sumatra Selatan

Abstract

Sungai Rawas, salah satu anak Sungai Musi di Sumatra Selatan, menghadapi tantangan kualitas air akibat berbagai aktivitas antropogenik seperti limbah rumah tangga, industri, dan pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman, dan kelimpahan fitoplankton serta parameter perairan di Sungai Rawas. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di tiga stasiun selama Maret hingga Juni 2023. Identifikasi fitoplankton dilakukan di laboratorium menggunakan mikroskop trinokuler, dan analisis data mencakup indeks keanekaragaman (H’), keseragaman (E), dominansi (C), serta analisis PCA. Hasil menunjukkan 49 jenis fitoplankton dari 7 kelas, dengan kelas Bacillariophyceae mendominasi (69,86%). Stasiun II menunjukkan keanekaragaman tertinggi (H’ = 3,601) berkat pengelolaan limbah industri melalui IPAL, sedangkan Stasiun I memiliki kelimpahan tertinggi (37,59%) akibat limbah rumah tangga. Analisis PCA mengidentifikasi nitrat, fosfat, kecerahan air, dan kecepatan arus sebagai parameter dominan yang memengaruhi distribusi fitoplankton. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya pengelolaan limbah untuk menjaga kualitas perairan dan kelestarian ekosistem Sungai Rawas.The Rawas River, a tributary of the Musi River in South Sumatra, faces water quality challenges due to various anthropogenic activities such as household waste, industrial discharge, and agricultural runoff. This study aimed to analyze the diversity and abundance of phytoplankton, as well as water parameters, in the Rawas River. Sampling was conducted at three stations from March to June 2023. Phytoplankton identification was performed in the laboratory using a trinocular microscope, and data analysis included diversity index (H’), evenness index (E), dominance index (C), and PCA analysis. Results identified 49 phytoplankton species across 7 classes, with Bacillariophyceae dominating (69.86%). Station II exhibited the highest diversity (H’ = 3.601) due to effective industrial waste management through IPAL, while Station I showed the highest abundance (37.59%) due to household waste input. PCA analysis identified nitrate, phosphate, water transparency, and current velocity as dominant parameters influencing phytoplankton distribution. This study underscores the importance of waste management in maintaining water quality and preserving the Rawas River ecosystem. Keywords: Phytoplankton, Diversity, Abundance, Rawas River, South Sumatra