Hierarchical Interpolation of Imagenet Features for Cross-Dataset Presentation Attack Detection

Abstract

Face Recognition Systems (FRS) are vulnerable to spoofing attacks (a.k.a presentation attacks), which can be carried out by presenting a printed photo (print-photo), displaying a photo (display-photo), or displaying a video (replay-video). The issue of presentation attacks can be alleviated by algorithms known as presentation attack detection (PAD) mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on Hierarchical Cosine/Spherical Linear Interpolation of deep learning feature vectors followed by training a Linear SVM for PAD Classification. The deep learning feature vectors are extracted from existing networks trained on the Imagenet dataset. Our proposed approach hierarchically interpolates the extracted feature vectors using Cosine/Spherically Linear Interpolation, followed by using a Linear SVM for classification, and sum-rule fusion for generating final scores. We show our results on cross-dataset PAD for the classifier trained on OULU P1 Dataset and tested on Replay Mobile Dataset. We compare it with the current state-of-the-art (SOTA) algorithms published in the literature and achieve considerably lower detection error-rate (D-EER). The extraction of features from pre-trained networks makes our approach simple to use, apart from it, giving highly accurate results, which are much better than current SOTA.