Unexpected combination: DiGeorge syndrome and myeloperoxidase deficiency

Abstract

We report a case of a 3-year-old boy who presented with recurrent bacterial and fungal infections and a known diagnosis of partial DiGeorge (22q11.2 deletion) syndrome. The nature and severity of his infections were more than normally expected in partial DiGeorge syndrome with normal T-cell counts and T-cell proliferative response to phytohaemagglutinin. This prompted further investigation of the immune system. An abnormal neutrophil respiratory oxidative burst, but normal protein expression of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase system, led to the identification of myeloperoxidase deficiency. DiGeorge syndrome has a heterogeneous clinical phenotype and may not be an isolated diagnosis. It raises awareness of the possibility of two rare diseases occurring in a single patient and emphasises that even when a rare diagnosis is confirmed, if the clinical features remain atypical or unresponsive, then further investigation for additional cofactors is warranted.