Effectiveness and safety of the use of alpha-keto analogues in the management of advanced chronic kidney disease: Clinical practice recommendations

Abstract

Introduction: The protein-restricted diet appears to play an important role in the progression of chronic kidney disease and the early onset of uremic symptoms, the supplementation of essential amino acids offers apparent security in achieving aggressive protein restrictions. The objective of this document is to carry out a literature review to inform practical use recommendations on this behavior in advanced Renal Disease (CKD). Materials and methods: A quick structured search of the literature is carried out, with the selection of systematic reviews and meta-analyzes, from which the answers to the questions with a PICOT structure designed a priori are extracted. The results were submitted to consensus to generate practical recommendations. Results: Six systematic reviews of the literature were included, with a moderate quality evaluation, the extraction of the information reports an apparent benefit of the very low protein diet with supplementation of alpha-keto-analogues on admission to dialysis or kidney transplantation and a consistent reduction of disease progression. Better clinical trials that integrate outcomes such as quality of life are required. Conclusions: With low quality of evidence, the very low protein diet, supplemented with alpha-keto analogues, in the properly selected patient, reduces the deterioration of the glomerular filtration rate, seems to reduce admission to dialysis. Regular strict monitoring is recommended, with monitoring of anthropometric measures and malnutrition risk profile.