Neuroimaging: Mapping and diagnosis of Neurodegenerative diseases

Abstract

Dementia is particularly difficult to diagnose in its early stages when family members and professionals frequently mistake the patient's symptoms for normal aging. Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are the most common diseases linked to neurodegeneration. In the last twenty-five years, a number of advanced techniques have been established that permit precise viewing of organ structure and function. Neuroimaging technology examines in detail the functioning of different parts of the human brain and thus plays a vital role in clinical and scientific applications. The current opportunities for neuroimaging techniques in the diagnosis and differentiation of neurodegenerative illnesses are presented in this review. This paper also provides a review of the bioinformatic tools that have been used to analyze these structures. Additionally, it offers an exceptional understanding of the available neuroimaging devices, enabling better decision-making in selecting instruments for specific research purposes. Lastly, this paper discusses the implemented methodologies, system requirements, strengths, and weaknesses of the instruments broadly used to visualize the structures and functions of the nervous system.