VARIASI GENETIK, HERITABILITAS, DAN KORELASI GENOTIPIK SIFAT-SIFAT PENTING TANAMAN WIJEN (Sesamum indicum L.)

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini merupakan pengujian terhadap genotip-genotip hasil persilangan tanaman wijen, dengan tujuan mendapatkan informasi mengenai variasi genetik, heritabilitas, dan korelasi genotipik beberapa sifat penting hasil persilangan tanaman wijen. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Pasirian, Lumajang, Jawa Timur pada bulan April 2002 – Agustus 2003. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelom- pok dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) sebagian besar sifat yang diamati mempunyai variasi genetik yang cukup besar, (2) nilai heritabilitas (dalam arti luas) tinggi terdapat pada sifat tinggi tanaman, umur berbunga, umur panen, jumlah cabang per tanaman, jumlah polong per tanaman, panjang polong, berat 1000 biji, dan hasil biji per hektar, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi pada generasi awal, dan (3) korelasi genotipik terhadap hasil biji per hektar terjadi pada sifat tinggi tanaman dan berat 1000 biji pada persilangan Sbr 1 X Si 13, sedangkan pada persilangan Sbr 1 X Si 22, dan Sbr 1 X Si 26 terjadi korelasi genotipik antara hasil biji per hektar dengan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang per tanaman. Kata kunci : Wijen, Sesamum indicum L., persilangan, genotip, variasi genetik, heritabilitas, korelasi genotipik, pertumbuhan, hasil, Jawa Timur ABSTRACT Genetic variations, heritability and genotypic correlations of important characteristics of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) The experiment was conducted to evaluate genetic variations, heritability, and genotypic correlations of important characteristics of sesame. The experiment was located at Pasirian Research Station, Lumajang, East Java from April 2002 – August 2003. Randomized block design with three replications was used in the experiment. The result of the experiment showed that: (1) generally, the genetic variations for all traits were high enough, (2) the heritability values (in broad sense) on plant height, flowering time, harvest time, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, length of pods, 1000-seed weight, and grain yield per hectare were high, indicating that the inheritance of these traits were simple inheritance and selection can be performed in early generation, and (3) in Sbr 1 X Si 13 crosses, plant height and 1000-seeed weight had genotypic correlation with grain yield per hectare, then plant height and number of branches per plant had genotypic correlation with grain yield per hectare in Sbr 1 X Si 22, and Sbr 1 X Si 26 crosses. Key words : Sesame, Sesamum indicum L., crossing, genotype, genetic variations, heritability, genotypic correlation, growth, yield, East Jav