Predictors of depressive symptoms among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Working conditions and quality of work life reflect a person’s overall quality of life and well study to date has investigated the factors contributing to depressive symptoms in people with type 2 DM in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the predictors of depressive symptoms among people with type 2 DM in Indonesia. This was a cross‐sectional study using secondary data from the Indonesian family life survey 5 (IFLS-5). A total of 774 respondents with type 2 DM were selected for this study. The dependent variable was depressive symptoms while the independent variables were demographics, economic status, smoking, duration of diabetes, chronic conditions, self-rated health, and physical function. The center for epidemiologic studies depression scale was used to measure depressive symptoms. The data were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression. The results showed that 70.70% of respondents had depressive symptoms. The risk of experiencing depressive symptoms decreased with age ≥ 50 years (AOR= 0.40; 95%CI 0.25 to 0.64; p<0.001) and good self-rated health (AOR= 0.54; 95%CI= 0.35 to 0.81; p= 0.003). Otherwise, the risk of experiencing depressive symptoms increased with a higher level of education (AOR= 1.78; 95%CI= 1.02 to 3.12; p= 0.042) and with chronic conditions (AOR= 1.64; 95%CI= 1.07 to 2.51; p= 0.023). Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with personal health conditions including older age, level of education, self-rated health and chronic conditions. Individual and community level strategies that can improve personal health conditions can be further studied to address depressive symptoms in type 2 DM patients.