EFFICIENCY OF CROP ROTATIONS IN THE LOWER VOLGA CONDITIONS

Abstract

Background. In the dry-thermal zone of the Lower Volga region, one of the factors of increasing the productivity of Pashnya is organic fertilizer. The effectiveness of the introduction into the soil of siderates, straw and leaf-weighting mass of field crops and their effect on the decrease in water consumption coefficients, an increase in the return of the organic matter and increasing the yield of grain crops was carried out. Gorodishcheskoe land use Cadastral number 34:03:000000:6. Purpose. Determine the effectiveness of biologized crop rotations in the agrolandscapes of the Lower Volga region. Materials and methods. Accounting and observations were: recommendation on the methodology for conducting observations and research in the fields of the NII of the Southeast, Saratov, 1973; Methods of experimental work B.A. Armorovov (Armpecov, 1985). The aggregate composition of the soil (according to the method of N.I. Savinova, 1931, refined TSH). Accounting for the biological mass of siteral crops in the phase of cosset or budgement. Determination of the biological yield of plants from sites of 0.25 m2 located in four places of the defense. Accounting for crop solid, daily. Accounting for sitaral cultures and perennial herbs – a cat in manual. Calculation of the exit of feed units and digestible protein was performed using the transfer coefficients by M.F. Tomme. Results. Studies have shown that an anti-erosion effect in dry years (8-mpole crop rotation has a counter-erosion effect, in the wet years (GTC> 0.8), the largest anti-erosion effect is observed in 5 and 7-mpole crop rotations with perennial herbs. The analysis of the data showed that in five-field crop rotation, the highest flow into the soil of organic mass (straw + roots) was observed-5.5 t/ha. Gumus deficiency with the highest indicator (-0.33) t / ha in 4 pollen crop rotation. The 8-mpolous fruitless crop turnover had the greatest productivity. From one hectare of the cropping area, the yield of grain was 1.50 t/ha, feed units 1.67. Upload products in K.ED. 4 and 8-mpol crops are with hectares of sowing square. To stabilize soil fertility, a fruitful 8-mpolor crop rotation with 50% of cereals is recommended. The same crop rotation is the most productive to collect grain and feed units with a hectare of crop-coordinate area. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the important role of biologized crop rotations in the conditions of the Lower Volga region. The area of application of the recommendations is the zone of soils of light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region.