Optimization and green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticle using garcinia cambogia leaf and evaluation of their antioxidant and anticancer property in kidney cancer (A498) cell lines

Abstract

Introduction and Aim: In 21st century, nanomedicine has turned out to be an emergent modulus operation for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The current study includes the optimization and green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from the leaves of Garcinia cambogia and interpretation of its antioxidant and anticancer activity. Materials and Methods: Synthesized ZnO NPs were investigated by UV–vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, HR-TEM, SAED, particle size distribution and DLS analysis. Furthermore, different antioxidant assays were conducted for evaluating the antioxidant activity of (ZnO NPs) and its anticancer activity using (A498) cell lines along with non-cancerous (HEK-293) cell line using MTT assay and XTT assay. Results: The UV–visible spectrum showed an absorption peak at 277 nm that reflects surface plasmon resonance (SPR) ZnO NPs. The presence of various functional groups was confirmed by FTIR analysis. XRD patterns indicated that the ZnO NPs had a single-phase nature with the wurtzite structure. SEM, TEM pictures confirmed the size and shape of synthesized Nanoparticles ranges of 11–32 nm and mostly hexagonal forms. The Zeta potential value of 57.9 mV revealed the surface charge of green synthesized ZnO NPs. The cytotoxicity of the ZnO NPs with various concentrations (6.25 to 200 µg/mL) was measured in (A498) cell lines along with non-cancerous (HEK-293) cell line. After the exposure, to MTT and XTT assay, cellular morphology studies showed that the cancer cell viability decreased with increasing ZnO NP concentration. Conclusion: The synthesized ZnO NPs via a green synthetic route could be developed as anti-cancer agent against cancer cells.