Size-dependent depression of the glass transition temperature in polymer films

Abstract

The glass transition temperature of thin polystyrene films has been measured as a function of film thickness. It is found that the glass transition decreases in temperature as the thickness of the film is reduced. The effect is not strongly molecular-weight dependent, ruling out chain confinement as the major cause, instead we suggest that at the surface of the glassy film a liquidlike layer exists whose size diverges as the glass transition temperature is approached from below. © 1994 IOP Publishing Ltd.