CHA2DS2-VASC Score Predicts Risk of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions

Abstract

Backround: The CHA2DS2-VASC score, used for embolic risk stratiï''cation in atrial ï''brillation, has been reported recently to predict adverse clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. We investigated the correlation between the CHA2DS2-VASC score and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 363 (191; 52.6% men) NSTEMI patients undergoing PCI. The CHA2 DS2-VASC score was calculated for each patient, and the study population was divided into 2 groups: CHA2DS2-VASC score <2 group (low score; n = 259, 71.3%) and CHA2DS2-VASC score ≥2 group (high score; n = 104, 28.6%). Patients were then reallocated to 2 groups according to the presence or absence of CIN. CIN was deï''ned as a rise in serum creatinine >0.5 mg/dL or >25% increase in baseline within 72 h after PCI. Results: Overall, 56 cases (15.4%) of CIN were diagnosed. When patients with a CHA2DS2-VASC score of <2 were compared with those with a CHA2DS2-VASC score of ≥2, patients with a high score had a higher frequency of CIN (33) 31.7% versus (23) 8.9%; p < 0.001. Also patients with CIN had higher CHADS2 VASC score (3.94 ± 1.13 vs. 1.68 ± 0.46, p < 0.001). Additionally, in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, major bleeding, requirement of mechanical ventilation, and dialysis were observed significantly higher in patients with CHA2DS2-VASC score of ≥2 (p = 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.006, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve for predicting CIN was 0.702 (p < 0.001, 95% CI 0.617-0.787) and cutoff value was 2.5 (sensitivity 58.9%, specificity 76.9%) for the number of CHA2DS2-VASC score. Conclusion: In NSTEMI patients undergoing PCI, CHADS2 VASC score is associated with an increased risk for CIN and in-hospital morbidity and mortality.