Distributed leader-follower based adaptive consensus control for networked microgrids

Abstract

Networked microgrids (NMGs) provide a promising solution for accommodating various distributed energy resources (DERs) and enhance its performance. However, the coordinated operation of the system with integration of a large number of DERs is major challenge. Therefore, this article aims to provide a distributed control strategy (DCS) based on a leader-follower framework for the coordination of multiple DERs in NMGs. A fuzzy optimized Recurrent Hopfield Neural Network (F-HNN) designed self-adaptive fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller is proposed for distributed frequency control of NMGs. Initially, a Lyapunov-based objective function is derived for weight updation of the proposed network. The fuzzy approach is used to optimize the output of the HNN based on its gradients. The proposed F-HNN based DCS is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and validated for frequency regulation of NMGs through hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HIL) using OPAL-RT. The results obtained are compared with the conventional FOPID HNN tuned and other classical controls. The self-adaptiveness of the controller is demonstrated for change in renewable power generation. Furthermore, the resiliency of the controller is tested with communication failures and, plug and play operation of MGs. The results obtained showed that the frequency of the NMG system is well regulated within the band of ±0.2 Hz. Also, the transient and steady state performance reveals that the proposed DCS is more significant than other techniques.