Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements in 86 patients with multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Study Objectives: To assess the frequency of restless legs syndrome (RLS), periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS), and their overlap in a large sample of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). To compare clinical and paraclinical findings among four subgroups of patients: RLS-/PLMS-(patients without RLS and PLMS), RLS+/PLMS-(patients with RLS and without PLMS), RLS-/PLMS (patients without RLS and with PLMS), and RLS+/PLMS+ (patients with both RLS and PLMS). Methods: In this cross-sectional, observational, instrumental study, 86 patients (M/F: 27/59; mean age 48.0 ± 10.8 years) with a diagnosis of MS underwent a telephone interview assessing the five standard diagnostic criteria for RLS. Seventy-six participants underwent polysomnography (PSG) and maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT). Instrumental and clinical findings were subsequently statistically compared to investigate their association with RLS and PLMS index (PLMSI). Results: RLS and PLMS (PLMSI ≥15/h) frequency in patients with MS were of 31.4% and 31.6%, respectively. Among patients with RLS, 37.5% had a PLMSI of at least 15/h. RLS-/PLMS+ group showed higher wake after sleep onset (p = 0.01), stage shifts per hour (p = 0.03), increased stage N1 (p = 0.03), and reduction in stage N3 (p = 0.01) compared to RLS-/PLMS-. RLS had no influence on clinical and PSG parameters (p = 0.45). Conclusions: RLS is highly frequent in patients with MS. The frequency of PLMS is comparable to the general population. The low percentage of patients with RLS having a high PLMSI, together with the absence of correlation between RLS and female gender and older age, supports the existence of a distinct symptomatic form of RLS in MS.