Colorimetric determination of sildenafil citrate (viagra) through ion-associate complex formation

Abstract

A simple, quick, accurate, and sensitive colorimetric method is described for the determination of sildenafil citrate (SLD). The method is based on the reaction of SLD with Congo Red, Sudan II, and Gentian Violet in buffered aqueous solutions at pH 2.5, 6.5, and 11.0, respectively, to give highly colored soluble ion-associate complex species; the colored products are quantitated colorimetrically at 523, 554, and 569 nm, respectively. The various experimental conditions were optimized. The stoichiometric ratio was found to be 1:1 for all ion associates; the calculated logarithmic stability constants were 8.51, 7.79, and 5.58, respectively. Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration range of 0.2-7.0 μg/mL, whereas the Ringbom optimum concentration range was 0.4-6.5 μg/mL. Values for molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, and detection and quantification limits were also calculated. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of SLD in Viagra tablets and in serum samples by using the technique of standard additions with mean accuracy values of 100.06 ± 1.14, 99.87 ± 0.70, and 99.86 ± 0.97% for Viagra tablets and 99.88 ± 0.60, 99.90 ± 0.90, and 100.24 ± 0.80% for serum samples, respectively.