Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction, a Review in 2023

Abstract

Chronic allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is one of the leading causes of death after lung transplantation [1]. CLAD is a progressive and irreversible decline in lung function after transplant, manifested as an obstructive, restrictive, or mixed ventilatory impairment without any identifiable etiology as infection or acute rejection. Multiple risk factors have been associated with this condition. Despite its significant effect on the mortality of transplanted patients, there is still a lack of powerfully effective therapies for patients with CLAD. Avoiding and correcting risk factors and close patient monitoring is critical in preventing disease progression. This article will discuss CLAD, the risk factors for developing the umbrella of syndromes under this term, and the current treatment alternatives and management available up to 2023.