Development and Characterization of Polyester Composite Reinforced with Continuous (Raw) Fibers from Agave angustifolia var. Marginata

Abstract

In this study, lignocellulosic fibers from Agave angustifolia var. marginata (FAAM) were used as reinforcement in an unsaturated polyester matrix to produce composite materials. Long and aligned fibers were incorporated at 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight. The composites were analyzed for chemical structure, thermal stability, mechanical properties (tensile and impact), fracture surface morphology, and water absorption. The addition of FAAM significantly improved mechanical performance, with tensile strength increasing by up to 293% and impact energy absorption by up to 11,544%. The composites showed thermal stability up to 300°C. However, water absorption increased due to the hydrophilic nature of the fibers. Scanning electron microscopy revealed good interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix, with fibers acting as crack barriers and deflectors, contributing to the enhanced mechanical behavior. These interactions increased both the tensile strength and impact resistance of the composites. The results demonstrate that FAAM is a promising sustainable alternative to synthetic fibers in polymer composites, especially for applications requiring high impact energy absorption and moderate tensile strength.