Sustainability evaluation of internal combustion engine motorcycle to electric motorcycle conversion

Abstract

In the last ten years, the number of internal combustion engine (ICE) motorcycles has grown rapidly in Indonesia. It causes the increasing pollution in Indonesia and one of the solutions is with converting them to the electric motorcycle. To support this issue, Government of the Republic of Indonesia has decreed the regulation for accelerating vehicles electrification with a Presidential Regulation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the replacement of ICE motorcycle to electric motorcycle with electric motorcycle conversion or new electric motorcycle by comparing sustainability performance of 3 alternatives considered. We used Net Present Value (NPV), and Payback Period (PP) as methods for measuring the economical aspect. The environmental aspect was measured by simulating carbon emissions of the three alternatives. The social aspect is measured by comparing the noise level, healthier body, welfare, time to maintain motorcycle of those alternatives. The results show that electric motorcycle conversion is the best alternative to replace ICE motorcycle based on sustainability considerations.