Genetic susceptibility to bladder cancer

Abstract

Background. Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, representing an urgent problem of modern oncology. Various external and internal environmental factors increase the disease risk. Genetic susceptibility to BC is unquestioned and actively researched nowadays. Aim. To analyze current advances in genetic factors of BC and to assess the prospects for further research in this area. Materials and methods. A systematic analysis of modern literature available in the PubMed database was conducted. Results and conclusion. A small part of BC cases is associated with hereditary syndromes, which are characterized by BC development. Genes regulating cellular metabolism, DNA repair, and cell cycle are associated with BC. Today, there is a clear understanding that high-risk genes are rarely involved in the development of most BC cases, but there are many polymorphic loci with low penetrance and moderate effects that acting together increase BC risk, indicating a complex polygenic inheritance pattern for this disease.