Dietary fat quality indices and risk of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Abstract

Objective: To assess associations between dietary fat quality indices and risk of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Iranian adults. Design: Daily intakes of fatty acids were estimated using a validated FFQ with 168 food items. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI for pre-diabetes and T2DM were calculated across tertile categories of dietary fat quality indices including the atherogenic index, thrombogenic index, health-promoting index, ratio of PUFA to SFA (PUFA:SFA) and ratio of hypo- and hypercholesterolaemia (h:H). Setting: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Participants: Iranian men and women. Results: The mean (sd) age of the 2042 pre-diabetes-free participants in pre-diabetes analysis was 38·84 (12·97), and 55·2 % were women. In T2DM analysis, the mean (sd) age of the 2295 T2DM-free participants was 40·06 (13·42), and 54·6 % of them were women. In the crude model, the PUFA:SFA ratio was positively associated with T2DM incidence (HR = 1·43; 95 % CI 1·04, 1·98). However, after adjustment for confounding variables, there were no significant associations between dietary fat quality indices and risk of pre-diabetes and T2DM. Conclusions: We found no significant association between fat quality indices and risk of pre-diabetes and T2DM. Further prospective and clinical trial studies are needed to clarify the issue.