Fracture strength and bonding interface morphology of CAD/CAM-fabricated ceramic laminate veneers on bleached enamel treated with two different antioxidants

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of two antioxidants and their application time on the fracture strength of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated ceramic laminate veneers to bleached enamel, as well as their effects on the bonding interface micromorphology. Eight groups were set: Group NC (without bleaching and antioxidant treatment); Group NA (bleaching without antioxidant treatment); Group SA30, SA60, SA120 and Group PAC30, PAC60, PAC120 (bleaching and treating with sodium ascorbate or proanthocyanidins for 30, 60, and 120 min, respectively). After cementation of veneers, fracture strength values and failure modes were analyzed. The bonding interface morphology was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The fracture strength was impaired when cementation procedure was performed immediately after bleaching. This reduction in fracture strength was reestablished with antioxidant treatment, and an extended treatment time contributed to better improvement. The resin tags at the bonding interfaces of the bleached enamel were impaired. Antioxidant treatments were able to reverse this unfavorable trend.