Control of aquifer weathering degree to the groundwater chemical composition in Wates Coastal Aquifer, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

The studied coastal aquifer has been encountered a complex hydrochemical evolution. Interesting aspect is the occurrence of groundwater facies with different water chemistries in close proximity to each other. Water salinity is reported from local parts away from shore. This research was conducted for assessment of aquifer weathering and its control on groundwater chemistry. An investigation of major ions in 27 water samples was performed with geostatistics, graphical method, mineral saturation index and mass balance transport to identify the groundwater evolution. Geochemical analysis of sediments was made of 8 samples, to estimate the weathering degree using chemical index of alteration and chemical index of weathering. Silicate dissolution was promoted by low weathering, which was reflected in low ions dominated by calcium and bicarbonate in fresh water. It leaded to fine sands. Silts were dominant under moderate weathering. Sodium and calcium were higher than fresh water. Bicarbonate was still highest concentration. Main water was the mixed type which was indicated by moderate ions. Clays were formed by high weathering. Water salinity with highest dissolved solids was caused by halite dissolution and calcium adsorption on clays. Overall, groundwater chemistry in the study area is locally characterized by prevailing lithology in grouping patterns.