Biochemical and Molecular Mechanism of Salinity Stress Tolerance in Plants

Abstract

Salinity is one of the most aggressive environmental stresses that hamper crop productivity worldwide. Increased salt concentration in soil reduces plants ability to take up water. It also reduces nutrients availability, uptake and transport, and there distribution resulting nutritional imbalance in plant. The Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) signalling pathway is crucial to mediate cellular signalling and to maintain ion homeostasis under salinity stress. Many HKT family plasma membrane transporters play an essential role in salt tolerance mechanism by regulating Na+ and K+ transportation. The nitric oxide (NO) directly or indirectly triggers numerous redox-regulated genes expression. Many genes were induced or repressed in response to salinity stress. Extensive research in the course of metabolic, cellular, and physiol. anal. has elucidated that strategies or mechanisms regulating stress signaling, uptake of ions, their transport and osmotic balance, metabolism of hormone, and antioxidant play vital roles in developing plant to mitigate salt stress.