Predictive Ability of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Parameters in Heart Failure Patients with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Abstract

Background: There is evidence suggesting that a peak oxygen uptake (pVO2 ) cut-off of 10ml/kg/min provides a more precise risk stratification in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) patients. Objective: To compare the prognostic power of several cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters in this population and assess the discriminative ability of the guideline-recommended pVO2 cut-off values. Methods: Prospective evaluation of consecutive heart failure (HF) patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death and urgent heart transplantation (HT) in the first 24 follow-up months, and was analysed by several CPET parameters for the highest area under the curve (AUC) in the CRT group. A survival analysis was performed to evaluate the risk stratification provided by several different cut-offs. p values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: A total of 450 HF patients, of which 114 had a CRT device. These patients had a higher baseline risk profile, but there was no difference regarding the primary outcome (13.2% vs 11.6%, p =0.660). End-tidal carbon dioxide pressure at anaerobic threshold (PET CO2AT) had the highest AUC value, which was significantly higher than that of pVO2 in the CRT group (0.951 vs 0.778, p =0.046). The currently recommended pVO2 cut-off provided accurate risk stratification in this setting (p <0.001), and the suggested cut-off value of 10 ml/min/kg did not improve risk discrimination in device patients (p =0.772). Conclusion: PET CO2AT may outperform pVO2 ’s prognostic power for adverse events in CRT patients. The current guideline-recommended pVO2 cut-off can precisely risk-stratify this population.