The Mediterranean Diet and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Pathway to Improved Urinary Health

Abstract

Background: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are highly prevalent among aging men and are often associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), significantly impacting quality of life. The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has been hypothesized to alleviate LUTS and improve urological health. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of adherence to the MedDiet on uroflowmetry (UFM) parameters and International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS) in patients presenting with LUTS. Methods: A prospective study was conducted including 400 patients divided into two groups: MedDiet adherent (AMD, n = 193) and non-adherent (NAMD, n = 207). Adherence was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). UFM parameters, post-void residual (PVR) volumes, and IPSS were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate group differences and correlations. Results: AMD patients exhibited significantly higher Qmax (13.87 ± 0.21 vs. 12.08 ± 0.19, p < 0.001) and lower IPSS (median: 9 vs. 17, p < 0.001) compared to the NAMD group. No significant differences were observed in Qaverage, PVR, or body mass index (BMI) between groups. Positive correlations were noted between MEDAS scores and Qmax (r = 0.259, p < 0.001), while IPSS showed a strong negative correlation with MEDAS scores (r = −0.610, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Adherence to the MedDiet may be associated with improved urinary function and reduced LUTS severity in BPH patients. These findings suggest the potential of dietary interventions as part of a holistic approach to managing BPH.