Synthesis of biologically active sulfonamide-based indole analogs: a review

Abstract

The class of heterocyclic compounds exhibits a variety of pharmacological actions, long employed as an active ingredient in drug design and production. Indole and its derivatives are crucial in medicinal chemistry. Due to its physiological action, it has been gaining a lot of interest by exhibiting antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antifungal, antimalarial, antidiabetic, antidepressant, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties. The indole moiety constitutes a benzene ring fused with a pyrrole ring to form a bicyclic structure with a nitrogen atom as the major component and is produced by a variety of techniques. The sulfonamide analogs of indole usually referred to as sulfa medicines have recently been produced and exhibit strong antimicrobial actions. The goal of this work is to present the most recent methods for synthesizing indole-sulfonamide derivatives, together with data on their reported activities and synthetic scheme from 2010 to 2023. We anticipate that this review will help medicinal chemists rationally develop pharmacologically active derivatives of indole with sulfonamide scaffolds. Graphical Abstract