Lean Construction: Evaluation of Waste and Carbon Footprint in Construction Project

Abstract

Construction projects are large-scale works that are mostly done in open areas. This large and open activity has the potential to produce waste and carbon footprint. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to find out the causes, impact analysis, and possible mitigation of waste and carbon footprint in the construction project. Survey and in-depth interviews with construction projects become research methods. The results showed that the causes of waste were dominated by worker factors while the main causes of waste in the design phase are client requests, DED changes and complexity, and design errors. Meanwhile, carbon footprint occurs because it does not use renewable energy and environmentally friendly materials. The impact of indirect waste is 8.93% of the total workers' budget, while direct waste is 5.64% of the material budget, which is at the contractor's tolerance threshold of 3-6%. The carbon footprint in the production phase still dominates the contribution to the amount of carbon footprint produced when compared to the transportation, fabrication and installation phases.