Characterization of the use of pesticides in the avocado crop in Temascaltepec, México

Abstract

Avocado production in the municipality of Temascaltepec, State of Mexico, is in constant growth, which implies an increase in the use of agrochemicals for pest control, but information on the type of pesticides used is limited. This work characterized and typified the pesticides used in avocado crops, grouping them to evaluate similarities, to know the diversity of active ingredients and the possible risk to human health and the environment in 22 communities of Temascaltepec. A survey was applied in 96 avocado orchards (121 questions). Data were analyzed using principal components and cluster analysis. Four groups of producers were obtained, whose similarities are based mainly on the variety grown, orchard size, time in the activity, altitude, and soil type. The use of 32 active ingredients was found, of which 26 are classified as highly hazardous in Mexico. The most frequently used pesticides are malathion, abamectin and lambdacyhalothrin. The most toxic pesticides used are methomyl, glyphosate, methamidophos, paraquat, dimethoate and terbufos. Most farmers do not follow the protocols for pesticide application and dosage, and although they are aware of the labeling and storage of the products, they do not do it correctly. The information obtained from this study will provide guidance on the use of these substances to improve production alternatives, expand markets and reduce health risks, both for avocado producers and consumers.