Potential use of eggshell as bone graft compared with bovine for bone defect: A systematic review study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The use of bone graft in the management of bone defect is a challenge in the world of orthopedics. Recently, eggshell containing hydroxyapatite (HA) has become a new hope in the use of an economical and efficient bone graft in the treatment of bone defects. AIM: The aim of this systematic review was to explore the available literature on the clinical performance of eggshells as bone grafts in guided bone regeneration. METHOD: Two data resources (PubMed and Cochrane) were searched from January 2010 to September 2020. Clinical trials using eggshells as bone grafts were included in the review. Animal and in vivo studies were excluded from the review. RESULTS: A total of 202 studies were taken, then screened and 15 studies finally included. Clinical and radiological evaluations show complete recovery after the procedure. Comparison with synthetic HA shows similar healing characteristics. CONCLUSION: Eggshell compared to bovine as bone graft showed no difference in bone healing. Within the limitations of the included studies, eggshells can be used safely and efficiently in integrated bone regeneration procedures.