Survival and predictors of mortality among children co-infected with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A retrospective follow-up study

Abstract

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children globally. The aims of this study were to determine the mortality rate and to identify the predictors of mortality among TB/HIV co-infected children at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Method A retrospective follow-up study was conducted among TB/HIV co-infected children from February 2005 to March 2017. A Kaplan–Meier curve was used to estimate the median survival time. Bivariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to identify the predictors of mortality. Results A total of 271 TB/HIV co-infected children were included in the analysis. Of these, 38 (14.02%) children were died during the follow-up period. This gives a total of 1167.67 child-years of observations. The overall mortality rate was 3.27(95%CI: 2.3–4.5) per 100 child-years. The independent predictors of time to death were age 1–5 years (as compared to age <1 year) (AHR = 0.3; 95%CI:0.09–0.98)), being anemic (AHR = 2.6; 95%CI:1.24–5.3), cotrimoxazole preventive therapy(CPT) non-users (AHR = 4.1; 95%CI:1.4–16.75), isoniazid preventive therapy(IPT) non-users (AHR = 2.95; 95%CI:1.16–7.5), having extra pulmonary tuberculosis(EPTB) (AHR = 2.43; 95%CI:1.1–5.3)) and fair or poor adherence to Anti-Retro-viral Therapy (ART)(AHR = 3.5; 95%CI:1.7–7.5). Conclusion Mortality rate among TB/HIV co-infected children was high at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Age, extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, anemia, adherence, CPT and IPT were the independent predictors of mortality.