Prognostic value of the electrocardiogram in endocardial fibroelastosis

Abstract

Nine children with endocardial fibroelastosis were followed from the time of admission with congestive heart failure until either death or discharge. Review of multiple clinical features showed that only the electrocardiographic pattern could be correlated with death or survival. The presence of a delayed transition zone with anterior force loss on the initial electrocardiogram ('infarct pattern') was noted in all the children who died. Progression of these changes with a pattern of anterolateral 'infarct' in two and inferior wall 'infarct' in two occurred before death. Necropsy on three of the four children confirmed the diagnosis of endocardial fibroelastosis. There was extensive fibrosis and thinning of the left ventricular myocardium as well as involvement of the mitral valve structures. Review of published cases supports the view that an 'infarct' pattern in a child with endocardial fibroelastosis is usually associated with death and that this pattern is a negative prognostic sign for survival.