Role of Hungry Water on Sediment Dynamics: Assessment of Valley Degradation, Bed Material Changes and Flood Inundation in Pamba River During Kerala Flood, 2018

Abstract

Flood frequencies, along with the associated loss of life and property, have risen significantly due to climate change and increasing human activities. While prior research has primarily focused on high-intensity rainfall events and reservoir management in flood management, the influence of sediment-starved water—termed “hungry water”—released from dams in controlling flood dynamics has not gained much attention. The present study is aimed at exploring the potential role of sediment-starved water, or the “hungry water effect” on the valley degradation, bed material changes and flood inundation in the Pamba River during the Kerala Flood, 2018, through a detailed characterization of bed materials and their deposition in the channel bed. The release of sediment-starved water from the Kakki reservoir during the episodic precipitation event (15 to 17 August 2018) resulted in significant bed degradation and scouring of the valley slopes, leading to the deposition of large boulders and rock masses and the inundating of approximately 196 km2 of floodplains. This study highlights the need for integrated sediment management strategies in reservoir operations by providing essential insights into sediment transport dynamics during extreme weather events. Understanding these processes is crucial for formulating effective flood mitigation strategies and improving the resilience of riverine ecosystems, particularly as the interaction between intense rainfall and sediment-depleted releases significantly exacerbated the flood’s severity.