Undereating and underrecording of habitual food intake in obese men: Selective underreporting of fat intake

Abstract

Background: Underreporting of food intake is common in obese subjects. Objective: One aim of this study was to assess to what extent underreporting by obese men is explained by underrecording (failure to record in a food diary everything that is consumed) or undereating. Another aim of the study was to find out whether there was an indication for selective underreporting. Design: Subjects were 30 obese men with a mean (±SD) body mass index (in kg/m2) of 34 ± 4. Total food intake was measured over 1 wk. Energy expenditure (EE) was measured with the doubly labeled water method, and water loss was estimated with deuterium-labeled water. Energy balance was checked for by measuring body weight at the start and end of the food-recording week and 1 wk after the recording week. Results: Mean energy intake and EE were 10.4 ± 2.5 and 16.7 ± 2.4 MJ/d, respectively; underreporting was 37 ± 16%. The mean body mass loss of 1.0 ± 1.3 kg over the recording week was significantly different (P < 0.05) from the change in body mass over the nonrecording week, and indicated 26% undereating. Water intake (reported + metabolic water) and water loss were significantly different from each other and indicated 12% underrecording. The reported percentage of energy from fat was a function of the level of underreporting: percentage of energy from fat = 46 - 0.2 x percentage of underreporting (r2 = 0.28, P = 0.003). Conclusions: Total underreporting by the obese men was explained by underrecording and undereating. The obese men selectively underreported fat intake.