MXene-graphene hybrid nanoflakes as friction modifiers for outboard engine oil

Abstract

MXenes are a relatively new type of two-dimensional materials which remain largely unexplored in terms of tribological applications. In this research, hybrid comprising Ti3C2-NG (MXene-Nitrogen-doped Graphene) is synthesized in an attempt to enhance the thermal and tribological properties of Outboard Marine Engine Oil. Oil sample were prepared using the two-step method which involved optimization of mixing technique and followed by tests according to ASTM standards. Results revealed that the thermal conductivity of the oil is enhanced by 6.62% for 15 minutes high shear blending whereas the viscosity is reduced by 4.71%. The decrease in viscosity could be as a result of pockets of debilitated intermolecular bonds in oil due to nanoparticles addition. Further, the Newtonian behaviour oil remains unchanged with the addition of nanoparticles. However, increasing shear rate revealed dilatant behaviour of the nanofluids corresponding to Taylor-Couette flow. The hybrid nanoflakes doesn't significantly alter the anti-friction and anti-wear behaviour of the oils although the coefficient of friction is decreased in the presence of 0.01 wt.% Ti3C2 additive nanoparticle by a marginal <1%.