Ginseng and moringa olifera ameliorated cognitive impairments induced by aluminium chloride in albino rat

Abstract

Learning and memory capability are impaired in different neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Since, the efficacy of Ginseng and Moringa Oliefera extracts as a prophylactic for induced Alzheimer's disease in albino rat was investigated. One hundred rats were equally divided into four groups, (1)Control group (intraperitoneal; IP injected with distilled water), (2)Alzheimer disease model group to be (ADM); (IP injected with Aluminium chloride; AlCl3), (3)AlCl3 (IP) followed by oral gavage of ethanolic extract of ginseng daily and (4)AlCl3 (IP) followed by oral gavage of ethanolic extract of moringa daily. Injection and oral gavage were persisted for seventy consecutive days. Then, learning behavioural tests were performed followed by euthanasia of rats and removal of brains for biochemical measurements (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), monoamines, catalase, malonaldehyde and glutathione activity) and for histopathological examination. In ADM group, cognitive impairment was reported, AChE activity and monoamines levels were decreased significantly, malonaldehyde level and catalase activity were decreased significantly, and neurodegenerative changes were observed. Ginseng and moringa ethanolic extracts ameliorated the reported behavioural, biochemical and histopathological effects of AlCl3 in treated rats. The tested extracts provided efficiently a neuroprotective effect against Alzheimer's disease.