IMPROVEMENT OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT TO MINIMIZE AIR POLLUTION IN URBAN SPRAWL

Abstract

The phenomenon of urban sprawl has been a big issue in big cities of Indonesia since the beginning of the 20th century which has effects on increasing traffic congestion, demand for mobility and air pollution. Air pollution from transportation emission especially in urban areas produces most of the air pollutants and reduces air quality on road corridor. The present study examines the effects due to the improvement of public transport, monorail system in order to minimize air pollution concentration and cost. Air pollution is exhausted from an increase in traffic volume with rising mobility from suburban. Current research is insufficient to reveal the effects of urban sprawl on the cost build-up of air pollution parameters. This study examines to what extent an improvement of the monorail system is able to increase accessibility, reduce air pollution as well as air pollution cost due to housing development in the suburbs of Surabaya City, Indonesia. Comparative analysis was conducted to assess the influences of the design of the monorail system and existing public transport on differences in air pollution cost. The results show that the design of the monorail system has a significant effect on the reduction of air pollution concentration and cost compared to the existing condition. Another result revealed the change of air quality on different road corridor. The reduction of light vehicles due to the design of monorail shows better accessibility and air quality of residents in the western regions of Surabaya City as a case study area in the morning peak hour.