Vascular catheterization in small laboratory animals in biomedical research: technological aspects of the method (review article)

Abstract

This review addresses the use of vascular catheterization in small laboratory animals in biomedical research with an emphasis on the technological aspects of the method. The use of vascular catheters for blood sampling, drug delivery or biomonitoring improves the quality of the study (reliability and reproducibility of results) and promotes compliance with modern bioethical standards. The key factors that determine the success of the surgery and the entire study are considered with an up-to-date approach. In particular, recommendations are given on the choice of the vessel and the type and size of the catheter, depending on the characteristics of the animal and the study objectives. Catheterization of the external jugular vein of a rat is described in detail, and the fundamental stages of the procedure are the same for all major vessels of rodents. Much attention is paid to potential complications of vascular catheterization, care for catheterized animals in the postoperative period, as well as measures for maintaining the patency of the catheter and its proper functioning. The main limitations for the widespread use of catheterization in research are insufficient qualification of the surgeon and the need to use surgical equipment and microsurgical instruments.