Viral hepatitis and the anaesthetist

Abstract

Viral hepatitis is a constant hazard to all operating room personnel. The anaesthetist should avoid contact with patients' blood and saliva as much as is possible. Hepatitis A (HAV) is spread mainly by faecalloral contact. Carriers are almost non-existent in this disease and the main importance to the anaesthetist is that he may contact a patient who is acutely infected or one who is incubating HAV. Diagnosis of postoperative hepatic dysfunction may then be a problem. Prophylaxis with Gamma globulin is also stressed. Hepatitis B (HBV) and Non-A Non-B hepatitis (NANB) have a high incidence of carriage, and are spread mainly by blood contact. The groups of patients whom the anaesthetist should especially be aware of are reviewed, as is prophylaxis using Hepatitis B Immune Globulin and the recently introduced Hepatitis B vaccine. NANB continues to be a diagnostic problem, its diagnosis being mainly by exclusion of other causes of viral hepatitis. It appears to be responsible for more than 90 per cent of cases of posttransfusion hepatitis and more than one virus may be involved. © 1984 Canadian Anesthesiologists.