Monitoring on post oil sludge phytoremediation : acute toxicity test against female wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769)

Abstract

Phytoremediation is Green Sustainable Technology for Industrial Waste Management, Oil sludge is a waste derived from the petroleum industry and includes hazardous and toxic substances that must be biologically managed. One of the efforts to overcome oil sludge waste is by using bioremediation. The toxicity from oil sludge derived from phytoremediation that has been done by using consortium bacteria (Bacillus sphaericus, Pseudomonas sp.) and mycorrhiza of Chinese albizia plant (Paraserianthes falcataria) for up to 14.5 months needs to be monitored and evaluated to female Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) as biological model. The purpose of this study was to obtain LD50 from oil sludge extract of phytoremediation and to determine its toxicity on rats based on histological observation. The laboratory experiment with complete random design method was conducted. Acute toxicity test was performed based on protocol from OECD 425 in 2008 with modification. The parameters observed consist of animals mortality, changes in body weight, and liver histological damage levels. Probit analysis showed that LD50 from oil sludge extract was 9,785.184 mg/kg bw which is categorized as slightly toxic. This value still did not meet the results of the bioremediation process (> 15.000 mg/kg bw or not toxic). Therefore, the oil sludge phytoremediation process needs to be improved until the required policy is fulfilled. This study provides information on the evaluation approach when bioremediation used as an alternative method to restore the oil-contaminated soil.