Pink suits and big fins: gender-layered constraints in scuba diving

Abstract

This study reveals gender-layered constraints by addressing the gap in studies on women’s scuba diving experiences, applying a feminist geography approach. Adapting leisure constraint theory, we conceptualised gender-layered constraints that explained the multifaceted and complex nature of gendered experience and expression in scuba diving. The paper introduces the concept of ‘modern mermaid halo’ - a skewed experience compared to ‘ideal’ scuba diving participation that reinforces inequalities for women. These findings offer insights into how tourism practitioners and marketers can promote inclusive water-based tourism activities.