Frequency, risk factors, and outcomes in patients with significant carotid artery disease admitted to King Abdulaziz medical city, Riyadh with ischemic stroke

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the frequency, risk factors, and outcomes of significant carotid artery disease (CAD) in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods: The frequency of significant CAD in patients admitted to the Stroke Unit between January 2014 and December 2015 was determined from radiological data. Outcomes were determined clinically and radiologically. Results: Among 435 patients, 273 were men (62.8%), with a mean age of 57.4±12.2 years. Significant CAD was found in 48 vessels in 40 (9.2%) patients, of which 30 patients were symptomatic. Nine of these patients were treated with carotid artery stenting, one underwent carotid endarterectomy, and 3 underwent an urgent thrombectomy, without stenting. Seventeen symptomatic patients were not treated for the following reasons: patient/family refusal (n=2), contraindications (n=5), and complete occlusion (n=10). One (7.7%) of the 13 treated patients had an ipsilateral stroke on follow up, one (7.7%) had contralateral transient ischemic attack (TIA), 9 (69.2%) had no recurrence, and no clinical data were available for 2 patients. Among the 17 untreated patients, one (5.9%) had an ipsilateral stroke, 7 (41.2%) had no recurrence, and 9 (52.9%) were lost to follow up. Conclusions: Significant carotid artery disease is uncommon in our cohort found in less than 10% of patients. Vascular risk factors are more or less similar between patients with or without CAD except obesity which appears to have inverse relation with CAD. A small number of patients received carotid intervention with no recurrence of stroke at limited follow up.