Periodontitis in young individuals: Important factors for disease progression

Abstract

Aim: To investigate the progression of periodontitis in young individuals and identify factors that contribute to progression rate and whether periodontitis stage and grade have an impact on disease progression. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was based on patients younger than 36 years at two periodontal clinics between 2003 and 2009. At least 10 years later, a clinical and radiographic examination was performed on 215 patients. The marginal bone loss between baseline and follow-up for the tooth with the most severe bone loss at follow-up was estimated by radiographic measurements. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of potential risk indicators on periodontitis progression. Results: Most patients (83%) were classified as periodontitis stage III at baseline. At follow-up, 70% of these patients remained in stage III. The frequency of patients with grade C decreased from 79% to 17% at follow-up. The median (Q25%; Q75%) of the longitudinal marginal bone loss was 0.5 mm (0.0; 2.0). High bleeding on probing (BOP) index at baseline, smoking and interruption of periodontal treatment were found to significantly increase longitudinal bone loss. Conclusions: High levels of BOP at baseline, smoking and interruption of periodontal treatment increased the risk of marginal bone loss. The stage and grade at baseline had no significant impact on disease progression.