Diversity, distribution, ecology and conservation status of the family syngnathidae in Sub-Saharan Africa and adjacent islands

Abstract

The charismatic Syngnathidae occur in coastal and freshwater environments across the globe and play an important role by acting as flagship species for conservation. Despite this status, many syngnathids are threatened by a range of anthropogenic impacts including exploitation and habitat destruction. In addition, the cryptic nature and generally low population densities of syngnathids make research and related conservation action difficult, which can lead to data gaps. The gap in knowledge of the biology and status of syngnathids is especially acute within Africa. This review provides the first synthesis of syngnathid diversity, biogeography, ecology, threats and conservation in sub-Saharan Africa and adjacent islands. Research focus and effort are biased towards the southeast coast of Africa, with limited research specifically on syngnathids. A total of 63 species of syngnathids in 26 genera are recorded in Africa, with higher syngnathid diversity on the east coast of Africa. Ecological research focused on population trends and diversity is identified as priorities, specifically for those species listed as Data Deficient on the IUCN Red List. Other priorities identified include research on the extent and impact of illegal catch and trade and the development of local capacity and expertise. These findings provide an important resource that can be used for the future conservation of this iconic group of fishes.