Eradication of Arizona hinshawii from artificially infected turtle eggs

Abstract

Turtle eggs, 24 h old, were infected with A. hinshawii and treated 48 h later with gentamicin sulfate by pressure differential egg dip treatment to ascertain the concentration of this reagent required to eradicate this pathogen from eggs. Infected eggs treated with 1,000 or 1,500 μg of gentamicin per mil of dip solution eliminated detectable A. hinshawii from eggs as determined by testing shells and embryo-yolk homogenates of 12-day-old eggs and the gastrointestinal tracts, kidneys, livers and gall bladders, and yolks of 50-day-old embryos. Treated eggs produced hatchlings which did not excrete detectable A. hinshawii at 72 h or 30 days after hatching, nor was this organism recovered from the visceral organs of these hatchlings when necropsied 30 days after hatching. Bacteriological assays on infected nontreated eggs showed that greater than 70% of the eggs harbored A. hinshawii, and eggs in this group produced hatchlings which actively excreted and harbored A. hinshawii. Eggs not infected or treated also produced turtles which excreted and systematically carried A. hinshawii and Salmonella spp. though not at the same level as did the turtles produced from infected, nontreated eggs.