Validation of a new index for estimating arterial stiffness: Measurement of the QPV interval by Doppler ultrasound

Abstract

Background: Pulse wave velocity (PWV), a relevant indicator of arterial stiffness, can be measured noninvasively with a variety of automatic devices, but most are complexly equipped. We developed a novel index for estimating arterial stiffness as "QPV interval," which was determined by means of surface electrocardiogram and Doppler ultrasound of the brachial artery simultaneously. Hypothesis: This study aimed to validate the QPV interval as an exact and convenient index for estimation of arterial stiffness. Methods: Forty-seven patients with untreated essential hypertension and 19 normotensive subjects were enrolled. Brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) was measured using an automatic volume-plethysmographic apparatus, and Doppler ultrasound was implemented sequentially to measure the QPV interval in each subject. Clinical biochemistry and echocardiography were performed on the same day. Results: Mean baPWV was significantly higher in hypertensive patients than in normotensive subjects (p = 0.002), whereas mean QPV interval was significantly shorter in hypertensive patients than in the normotensive group (p = 0.019). A simple regression analysis demonstrated an inverse correlation between the QPV interval and baPWV (r = -0.671, p < 0.001) in all enrolled subjects. In a stepwise regression model that adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, and other determinants of baPWV, the negative association remained between the QPV interval and baPWV (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The QPV interval correlates inversely with baPWV, independent of age and other determinants of baPWV; hence, the QPV interval can serve as a simple and convenient index for assessing arterial stiffness in clinical practice.