Clinical and Microbiological Evaluation of 0.2% Tea Tree Oil Mouthwash in Prevention of Dental Biofilm-Induced Gingivitis

Abstract

Background: Dental biofilm-induced gingivitis is a prevalent condition caused by dental plaque accumulation. Chlorhexidine mouthwash is a gold standard for plaque control but is associated with adverse effects such as tooth staining and altered taste. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and antimicrobial effectiveness of 0.2% tea tree oil mouthwash as a natural alternative to 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash. Methods: A comparative study was conducted on 60 participants aged 18–60 years, divided into two groups: Group T (tea tree oil) and Group C (chlorhexidine), each comprising 30 participants. Clinical outcomes assessed included Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), and microbiological Colony Forming Units (CFUs). Parameters were recorded at baseline, 7 days, and 28 days. Results: Group T exhibited significantly lower PI and BOP scores at 7 and 28 days compared to Group C (p < 0.05). Both groups showed comparable reductions in CFU counts, indicating similar antimicrobial efficacy. Importantly, tea tree oil had fewer adverse effects, with no reports of tooth staining or altered taste, unlike chlorhexidine. Conclusion: Tea tree oil mouthwash demonstrated equivalent or superior clinical outcomes compared to chlorhexidine, with fewer side effects. It is a viable and well-tolerated alternative for managing plaque-induced gingivitis, supporting further research into its long-term use and efficacy.