Immunochemical properties and pathological relevance of anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies of different avidity

Abstract

Despite available treatment, there is still significant morbidity and mortality present among patients with the autoimmune thrombophilic condition termed 'antiphospholipid syndrome' (Espinosa, G. and Cervera, R. 2009. Morbidity and mortality in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 15:413.). High-avidity (HAv) anti-β2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) antibodies, shown to correlate with thrombotic events in patients, could represent the much needed improved prognostic marker. By studying their effect on crystalline annexin A5 shield on phospholipid surfaces (one of proposed pathogenic mechanisms), with the use of atomic force microscopy, the pathogenic potential of HAv anti-β2GPI antibodies was confirmed. Furthermore, by using surface plasmon resonance and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, unique binding characteristics of HAv antibodies in comparison with low avidity antibodies were established. HAv anti-β2GPI were confirmed to (i) recognize β2-glycoprotein I in a solution, (ii) interact predominantly monovalently (much lower dependency on the antigen density) and (iii) form more stable complexes with the antigen. Since enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays currently used in routine diagnostics detect anti-β2GPI antibodies of unknown avidity, our observations are potentially useful for the development of improved diagnostic tests capable of detecting clinically relevant antibodies. © The Japanese Society for Immunology. 2011. All rights reserved.