The processes that determine the fate of pesticides in soil

Abstract

Pesticides are an inevitable part of the environment, because due to the intensive use their remains are frequently detected in nature, particularly in the soil. Regardless the way pesticides get into the soil, their further fate will depend on many factors. Given the complexity of interactions of pesticides and soil, and the fact that the intensity of interaction of the same compound with different soil types is different, the studies of the influence of most important soil parameters on the mentioned interactions are becoming more numerous. In this paper are presented the processes that determine the fate of pesticides in the soil, as well as the factors that affect these processes. A special emphasis is placed on the adsorption processes, since they determine the concentration of free fraction of pesticide molecules, i.e. of pesticide quantity that may participate in detoxification processes including degradation and mobility.Pesticidi su neizostavni deo zivotne sredine, jer se usled intenzivne primene njihovi ostaci cesto detektuju u prirodi, narocito u zemljistu. Bez obzira na koji nacin dospeju u zemljiste, njihova dalja sudbina ce zavisiti od mnostva faktora. Uzimajuci u obzir slozenost interakcija pesticida i zemljista, kao i cinjenicu da je intenzitet interakcija istog jedinjenja sa razlicitim zemljistima razlicit, sve su brojnija ispitivanja uticaja najvaznijih zemljisnih parametara u pomenutim interakcijama. U ovom radu su predstavljeni procesi koji odredjuju sudbinu pesticida u zemljistu, kao i faktori koji uticu na te procese. Poseban osvrt je stavljen na adsorpcione procese, s obzirom da oni odredjuju koncentraciju slobodne frakcije molekula pesticida, tj. kolicine pesticida koja moze da ucestvuje u detoksifikacionim procesima u koje spadaju procesi degradacije i kretanja. PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 31043: Proucavanje biljnih patogena, artropoda, korova i pesticida u cilju razvoja metoda bioracionalne zastite bilja i proizvodnje bezbedne hrane