Cephalometric analysis: manual tracing of a lateral cephalogram

Abstract

Cephalometric analysis remains a preferred tool in the diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic and of orthognathic surgical cases. A cephalometric tracing can be prepared and analysed manually or by a com- puter using cephalometric tracing software. A number of software programmes on cephalometric analyses have been introduced but their widespread use has been restricted by cost factors, especially in situations having a constraint on resources. This report will give a step-by-step procedure to enable the identification of cephalometric points and planes used in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning and to facilitate the manual tracing of a lateral cephalogram.