Anticancer and Antioxidant Activity of Asam Kandis ( Garcinia cowa Roxb) Leaf Extract and Fraction

Abstract

Breast cancer is the second-highest cancer case in the world. One of the causes of cancer is oxidative stress by free radicals. Antioxidants are free radical neutralizing compounds that can prevent cancer. Leaves extract of asam kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb) has been shown to have breast cancer and antioxidant activity. Therefore, further research is needed regarding the anticancer and antioxidant activity of G.cowa leaf. G.cowa leaves powder was macerated with ethanol. The ethanol extract was concentrated and fractionated with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Ethanol extract, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate fraction of G.cowa leaves were tested for anticancer and antioxidant activity. Anticancer activity was determined using the MTT (Microtetrazolium) method against cell line T47D and antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH (2-2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. The ethanol extract had strong cytotoxic activity and very strong antioxidant of IC50 8.8 ± 1.97μg/ml and 41.36 ± 1.25 μg/ml. The n-hexane fraction had moderate cytotoxic activity and strong antioxidant of IC50 139.9 ± 3.67 μg/ml and 71.84 ± 1.88 μg/ml. The ethyl acetate fraction had moderate cytotoxic activity and very strong antioxidant of IC50 132.9 ± 1.77 μg/ml and IC50 29.36 ± 1.25 μg/ml. the ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction and ethyl acetate fraction of Garcinia cowa leaf had potential as a source of herbal medicine for cancer and antioxidants.